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1. Scope

This internal use standard specifies the general safety requirement for the product manufactured by Liben 
Group.
 

2. Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1176-1:2017, Playground equipment and surfacing - Part 1: General safety requirements and test methods
EN 1176-10:2008, Playground equipment and surfacing - Part 10: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for fully enclosed play equipment
ASTM F1487-17, Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use
ASTM F1918-12(2017), Standard Safety Performance Specification for Soft Contained Play Equipment
2PfG 2524:2015-02, General safety requirements and test methods as well as requirements for operation for stationary trampoline courts
ASTM F2970-17, Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Inspection and Major Modification of Trampoline Courts
EN 12572-1:2007, Artificial climbing structures — Part 1: Safety requirements and test methods for ACS with protection points
EN 12572-3:2008, Artificial climbing structures — Part 3: Safety requirements and test methods for climbing holds
EN 15567-1:2007, Sports and recreational facilities — Ropes courses — Part 1: Construction and safety requirements
EN 16630:2015, Permanently installed outdoor fitness equipment - Safety requirements and test methods
ASTM F3101-15, Standard Specification for Unsupervised Public Use Outdoor Fitness Equipment
EN 14960:2013, Inflatable play equipment — Safety requirements and test methods
EN 71-1:2014, Safety of toys - Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties
EN 1177:2008, Impact attenuating playground surfacing — Determination of critical fall height
ASTM F1292-17, Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment
 

3. Requirements

3.1 Trampoline
3.1.1 Device Use Zone 

Device use zone shall comprise the area from the ground surface underneath the TC beds to 204 in. (518.16 cm) above the ground surface. (See Fig. 1.)
The device use zone should be free from overhead obstructions including trusses, fire suppression systems, lighting, and duct work.
3.1.2 Containment 
The perimeter of a trampoline court or TC foam pit shall include a patron containment system.
Containment shall not be required within the assembly area(s), and within dismount zones protected by impact attenuation materials in accordance with this standard practice.
The perimeter containment system shall be a minimum of 156 in. (396.24 cm) vertical height from the horizontal trampoline frame.
Angled TC trampoline frames with a slope of 45 degrees or more from the horizontal trampoline base frame shall be considered as a containment wall and included in the 156 inch (396.24 cm) vertical height calculation.
The minimum height of a containment wall above an angledTC trampoline frame with a slope of 45 degrees or more from the horizontal trampoline base frame shall be 60 in. (152.4 cm) vertical height.
Angled TC trampoline frames with a slope of 45 degrees or less from the horizontal trampoline base frame shall be considered as part of the horizontal base frame.
Permanent Facility Wall—When a permanent facility wall is used as part of the patron containment system, the wall shall be protected with impact attenuating foam up to a minimum of 96 in. (243.84 cm) from the horizontal trampoline frame.
Tempered Glass Wall—When a tempered glass wall is used as part of the patron containment system, the wall system holding or supporting the tempered glass should be designed to absorb impact energy as specified by the designer/engineer or manufacturer.

3.1.3 Free space
The free space relies to the activity areas and the impact areas of entrance/exit areas. The height of clearance must be at least 5m. In the clearance area, no objects must be found.
The free space under the bed shall be free of any obstruction when in use.When tested in accordance with Annex B with user-weight, the bed shall not contact any part on the underside of the trampoline.

3.1.4 Safety system 
If the trampoline-court is equipped with a safety system (e.g. safety-net), the height must be min. 4m (See picture 3).
Angled TC trampoline frames with a slope of 45 degrees or more from the horizontal trampoline base frame could be part of the containment. In each case a containment wall above an angled TC trampoline frame with a slope of 45 degrees or more from the horizontal trampoline base frame shall go up to a height of 4,0 m (See picture 3)
All areas of the court that should not be accessible to the user / viewer must be secured by appropriate means (f.e. fences; networks).
The backs of trampoline beds and their fastenings shall not be accessible to users / viewers and must be secured by appropriate means (f.e. fences, nets).
 
Picture 3
Model of: free space (5 m) / height of safety systems (4 m) / extent of impact area (1.5 m) / elements with impact attenuating material (yellow)

3.1.5 Protection against falling
The protection against falling of stairs, ramps, platforms or similar shall comply with DIN EN 1176-1.

3.1.6 External climbability 
Protection against climbing shall be provided at a height up to 2 m from ground level and 2 m above other potential footholds or supports.
Such methods of protection shall conform to entrapment requirements and to the visibility requirements.
NOTE This may be achieved by small mesh netting, panels without openings or with openings of less than 8 mm.

3.1.7 Dimensions 
Length
Measured from the leading edge of the tramp. frame at least 5,8 m.
Width
Tramp.-width + at least 1,25 m on each side of the tramp (measured from connection spring-frame)
Exception 1: If multiple trampolines are positioned parallel to each other, the distance between any two shall be at least 2,45 m measured from center of bed.
Exception 2: If multiple tramp. are positioned on different sides of the foam pit (f.e. opposite), then the distance between the leading edge of the frames shall be at least 5,8 m.
Depth 
At least 150 cm from floor of the pit to top edge of frame for single sided access.
At least 180 cm from floor of the pit to top edge of frame for several sided access.

3.1.8 TC bed mount 
Foam pits have to be equipped with a exit feature (f.e. trampoline bed).
For single sided access the exit feature must be in a height from the floor of at least 60 cm and be positioned at a distance from the top edge of the trampoline frame of at least 90 cm.
For several sided access the exit feature must be in a height from the floor of at least 60 cm and be positioned at a distance from the top edge of the tramp. frame of at least 120 cm.
When the foam pit is filled with impact absorbing blocks and at rest, the bed incorporated into the design must be at least 15 cm above the foam pit floor at the lowest point.

3.1.9 Blocks 
The impact attenuating block material shall have a volume of at least 3500 cm3 and a cube or rectangular cuboid shape.
Shall conform to the requirements in acc. to 4.2.

3.2 Playground equipment 
3.2.1Accessibility for adults

Playground equipment shall be designed to ensure that adults are able to gain access to assist children within the equipment.
Enclosed parts of the equipment such as tunnels and playhouses, with an internal distance greater than 2 000 mm from an entry point shall have at least two access openings that are independent of one another and situated on different sides of the equipment.
These openings shall not be capable of being locked and shall be accessible without any additional aids (e.g. a ladder that is not an integral part of the equipment).
These access openings shall have no dimension less than 500 mm.
Because of the risk of fire, these two openings shall allow the user to leave the equipment by different routes.

3.2.2 Types of protection 
Below figure shows the appropriate type of protection with different heights of equipment.
When installed on ramps or stairs, handrails, guardrails or barriers shall commence at the lowest position on the ramp or stairs.
For all other equipment, openings in the barrier provided with a guardrail, which give access to steep play elements, shall not be greater than 1 200 mm (see Figure c).
 
3.2.3 Handrails 
Handrails shall be not less than 600 mm and not more than 850 mm above the foot position (see Figure below)
 As a minimum, handrails shall conform to the requirements for 
 
Guidance on measurement of height of handrail above foot position
3.2.4 Extent of the falling space
Unless otherwise specified, the extent of the falling space shall be at least 1,5 m around elevated parts of the equipment, measured horizontally and extending from the vertical projection plane below the equipment.
The falling space shall increase for free heights of fall above 1,5 m together with the extent of the impact area (see 4.2.8.2.4). This requirement can be varied in certain cases, e.g. increased, in the case of forced movement or reduced, in the case of equipment installed on or against a wall or fully enclosed equipment.
In most cases there may be overlapping of falling spaces including impact areas. Unless specified in other parts of this standard, overlapping of the falling space where forced movement exists should not occur.
Examples of falling space are given in Figures below.
 
3.2.5 Evacuation slide 
For any slide that ends directly in front of an exit, there shall be a distance no greater than 3 000 mm between the end of the run-out section and the exit.

3.2.6 Distance to the exit 
The distance from any point in the equipment to the nearest exit shall be no greater than 18 m.
There are some special cases for calculation of this distance:
- for a slide, the distance is half the length of the sliding surface;
- for a climbing tower, add vertical and horizontal distances between the geometric centres of the openings (see Figure below).
 
3.2.7 Ball Pool 
Any ball pool shall be designed to minimize ball spillage during normal play.
Impact attenuating, continuous-level floor surfaces shall be fitted in accordance with EN 1176-1:2008, 4.2.8.5.
Sides that are easily cleaned shall be provided.
The base shall be designed to prevent objects that might present a hazard from being lodged in gaps.
To minimize the dangers of concealment of children in a ball pool, the maximum depth shall not exceed 600 mm in a ball pool intended for use by children over 36 months, and 450 mm in a ball pool intended for use by children up to 36 months.
Balls shall be a minimum of 70 mm in diameter to prevent choking.
Any point of entry into a ball pool or any accessible platform within a ball pool shall not exceed a height of 1 000 mm from the base of the ball pool.

3.3 Climbing Wall 
3.3.1 Layout and placement of individual protection points

If there are individual protection points, the height of the first point shall not exceed 3,10 m.
The maximum distance x for the placement of the individual protection point which follows the point situated at the height of h (see Figure 1) shall be determined by using Equation below:
however, x shall not exceed:
1 m if h ≤ 5 m;
2 m if h ≥ 5 m
where is the distance between the point and the ground measured vertically, in metres, beneath the point in all cases.
For slabs with an inclination of more than 5° the maximum distance x shall be always 1 m (see Figure 3).
For protection points, the maximum distance shall be measured from the lowest internal point of the attachment point.
If permanent quick draws are installed, the maximum distance shall be measured from lower quick draw end to higher quick draw end. A permanent quick draw (e.g. chain secure element, Maillon Rapide) has to be disassembled from the climbing wall by means of tools (see Figure 2).
Protection points attached with bolts shall be secured, so they cannot come undone, e.g. with lock nuts.
 
3.3.2 Dimensions
The dimensions of all protection points and stance points with the exception of individual and collective top protection systems shall be in accordance with Figure 4.
The bar or device over or through which the rope passes in either a collective top protection system or an individual top protection point shall be rounded in accordance with Figure 5.
 
3.3.3 Ergonomic requirements 
a)The climbing surface of a hold shall be free from accessible sharp edges with a radius less than 0.5mm and burrs.
b)There shall be no pointed climbing holds with a diameter less than 15mm, which protrude more than 40mm from the wall.
c)There shall be no gaps between 8mm and 25mm and with a depth greater than 15mm which can lead to entrapment, unless specifically designed for climbing.

3.3.4 Dimension Ratio
This requirement is to protect the surface of the ACS and the hold insert.
The hold should be disigned in such a way that the ratio between: the load implementation edge of the hold, to the fixation hole, to opposite edge at the base of the hold, will result in a force less than 5kN in the insert hole when loaded with 1.5kN at the load implementation edge.
Any hold with a ratio >3:1 is not acceptable, see below:
 
3.4 Ninja warriors course 
3.4.1 Surface finish of accessible parts of equipment 


There shall be no protruding nails, protruding wire rope terminations, pointed or sharp-edged components.
Wooden equipment shall be made of wood with a low susceptibility to splintering. The surface finish of equipment made of other materials (e.g. glass fibre) shall be non-splintering.
Rough surfaces shall not present any risk of injury. All weld seams shall be smooth. Protruding bolt threads shall be permanently covered on all accessible parts of equipment (e.g. with dome headed nuts). Nuts and bolt heads that protrude less than 8 mm are permissible on inaccessible parts, provided that they are free from burrs.
Corners, edges and protruding parts within the training space that protrude more than 8 mm, and which are not shielded by adjacent areas that are not more than 25 mm away from the end of the protruding part, shall be rounded off. The minimum radius of the curve shall be 3 mm. Only edges that the user might hit while using the product need to be rounded.
NOTE This requirement is intended to prevent injuries caused by unintentional contact with components.
 
3.4.2Entrapment of fingers

Playground equipment shall be designed so that dangerous situations, including:
— gaps in which fingers can be trapped while the remainder of the body is moving or continues in forced movement;
— pipes with open ends; and
— variable gaps,
in which this type of entrapment can be encountered, are not created.
Openings and holes which have a lower edge of more than 1 000 mm above the ground surface shall conform to the following requirements when tested in accordance with 5.2.3:
a) the 8 mm finger probe shall not fit through the minimum cross-section of the opening and the profile of the opening shall be such that the finger probe cannot be locked in any position when set in motion as shown in Figure 21;
b) if the 8 mm finger probe fits through the opening, the 25 mm finger rod (see Figure 20) shall also fit through the opening, provided that the opening does not permit access to another finger entrapment site.

The ends of pipes shall be closed off. Closures shall not be removable without tools.
3.4.3 Entrapment of the foot or leg

Surfaces intended for running/walking shall not contain any gaps, openings or projecting parts which may cause unexpected foot or leg entrapment. Gaps in the main direction of travel shall not be greater than 30 mm when measured across the direction of travel (see Figure 8).
 
3.4.4 Grip requirements

The cross section of any element designed to be gripped (see Figure 3) shall have a dimension of not less than 16 mm and not more than 45 mm in any direction, when measured across its centre line.
 

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